先说说动态生成的内容当作文件来下载的方法:
1、通过把Content-Type设置为application/octet-stream,可以把动态生成的内容当作文件来下载;content-type内容设置可以参看:
http://www.ostools.net/commons
2、用Content-Disposition设置下载的文件名;
3、 基本上,下载程序都是这么写的:
<?php
$filename = "document.txt";
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=' . $filename);
print "Hello!";
?>
4、当然要考虑到浏览器兼容性和对如果文件名是中文的话出现异常bug,我们这么写:
<?php
$ua = $_SERVER["HTTP_USER_AGENT"];
$filename = "文件名.txt";
$encoded_filename = urlencode($filename);
$encoded_filename = str_replace("+", "%20", $encoded_filename);
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
if (preg_match("/MSIE/", $ua)) {
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $encoded_filename . '"');
} else if (preg_match("/Firefox/", $ua)) {
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*="utf8\'\'' . $filename . '"');
} else {
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="' . $filename . '"');
}
print 'ABC';
?>
明白了这些之后,生成excel就很简单了,处理下下载文档格式,解析数据,balabala就好了,看看怎么生成一篇excel的文档吧:
1、原始方式:发送header,用附件的表头发送到用户浏览器表示是要下载的,然后读出数据库中的数据,一条一条的解析,写入excel格式的文件中。
<?php
$DB_Server = "localhost";
$DB_Username = "root";
$DB_Password = "";
$DB_DBName = "DBName";
$DB_TBLName = "DB_TBLName";
$savename = date("YmjHis");
$Connect = @mysql_connect($DB_Server, $DB_Username, $DB_Password) or die("Couldn't connect.");
mysql_query("Set Names 'gbk'");
$file_type = "vnd.ms-excel";
$file_ending = "xls";
header("Content-Type: application/$file_type;charset=gbk");
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=".$savename.".$file_ending");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
$now_date = date("Y-m-j H:i:s");
$title = "数据库名:$DB_DBName,数据表:$DB_TBLName,备份日期:$now_date";
$sql = "Select * from $DB_TBLName";
$ALT_Db = @mysql_select_db($DB_DBName, $Connect) or die("Couldn't select database");
$result = @mysql_query($sql,$Connect) or die(mysql_error());
echo("$title\n");
$sep = "\t";
for ($i = 0;$i < mysql_num_fields($result);$i++)
{
echo mysql_field_name($result,$i) . "\t";
}
print("\n");
$i = 0;
while($row = mysql_fetch_row($result))
{
$schema_insert = "";
for($j=0; $j<mysql_num_fields($result);$j++)
{
if(!isset($row[$j])) $schema_insert .= "NULL".$sep;
elseif ($row[$j] != "") $schema_insert .= "$row[$j]".$sep;
else $schema_insert .= "".$sep;
}
$schema_insert = str_replace($sep."$", "", $schema_insert);
$schema_insert .= "\t";
print(trim($schema_insert));
print "\n"; $i++;
}
return (true);
?>
2、用PHPExcel库
下面是用PHPExcel实现的与上面功能相同的excel的方法。getCol为递归实现的函数,用于根据数字返回对应的列号编码。因为导出的过程中需要指出行号,列号。行号为简单的数字,而列号则为“A-Z”的组合。为了方便二维数组的导入,根据列数自动得到列号编码。如“5”->“E”、“27”->“AZ”。
//设置PHPExcel类库的include path
$dirToLib1='./resource/PHPExcel1.7.0/Classes';
ini_set('include_path', ini_get('include_path').PATH_SEPARATOR.$dirToLib1);
function getCol($num){//递归方式实现根据列数返回列的字母标识
$arr=array(0=>'Z',1=>'A',2=>'B',3=>'C',4=>'D',5=>'E',6=>'F',7=>'G',8=>'H',9=>'I',10=>'J',11=>'K',12=>'L',13=>'M',14=>'N',15=>'O',16=>'P',17=>'Q',18=>'R',19=>'S',20=>'T',21=>'U',22=>'V',23=>'W',24=>'X',25=>'Y',26=>'Z');
if($num==0)
return '';
return $this->getCol((int)(($num-1)/26)).$arr[$num%26];
}
function exportToExcel($header,$data,$fileName){
//利用PHPExcel工具进行导出,功能强大,格式规范,可导出2007
$fileName=$this->UTF8ToGBK($fileName);
$objExcel = new PHPExcel();
$objWriter = new PHPExcel_Writer_Excel5($objExcel);
$objExcel->setActiveSheetIndex(0);
$objActSheet = $objExcel->getActiveSheet();
//设置当前活动sheet的名称
//$objActSheet->setTitle('测试Sheet');
//*************************************
//设置单元格内容
$i=1;
foreach ($header as $key => $value){
$objActSheet->setCellValueExplicit($this->getCol($i).'1', $value,PHPExcel_Cell_DataType::TYPE_STRING);
//*************************************
//设置单元格样式
$objStyle = $objActSheet->getStyle($this->getCol($i++).'1');
//设置边框
$objBorder = $objStyle->getBorders();
$objBorder->getTop()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getTop()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD');
$objBorder->getBottom()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getBottom()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD');
$objBorder->getLeft()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getLeft()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); // color
$objBorder->getRight()->setBorderStyle(PHPExcel_Style_Border::BORDER_THIN);
$objBorder->getRight()->getColor()->setARGB('FFDDDDDD'); // color
//设置填充颜色
$objFill = $objStyle->getFill();
$objFill->setFillType(PHPExcel_Style_Fill::FILL_SOLID);
$objFill->getStartColor()->setARGB('FF00EEEE');
}
$i=1;
foreach ($data as $row){
$i++;
$j=1;
foreach ($header as $key => $value){
$objActSheet->setCellValueExplicit($this->getCol($j++).$i, $row[$key],PHPExcel_Cell_DataType::TYPE_STRING);
}
}
//*************************************
//输出内容
//到浏览器
header("Content-Type: application/force-download");
header("Content-Type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Type: application/download");
header('Content-Disposition:inline;filename="'.$fileName.'.xls"');
header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
header("Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT");
header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT");
header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
header("Pragma: no-cache");
$objWriter->save('php://output');
}
3、用PHPExcel等库,确实比较容易实现,但对大量数据的支持很不好,很容易到达PHP内存使用上限。这里的方法是利用fputcsv写CSV(这是一种逗号分隔值文件格式,见http://baike.baidu.com/view/468993.htm)文件的方法,直接向浏览器输出Excel文件:
<?php
// 输出Excel文件头,可把user.csv换成你要的文件名
header('Content-Type: application/vnd.ms-excel');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="user.csv"');
header('Cache-Control: max-age=0');
// 从数据库中获取数据,为了节省内存,不要把数据一次性读到内存,从句柄中一行一行读即可
$sql = 'select * from tbl where ……';
$stmt = $db->query($sql);
// 打开PHP文件句柄,php://output 表示直接输出到浏览器
$fp = fopen('php://output', 'a');
// 输出Excel列名信息
$head = array('姓名', '性别', '年龄', 'Email', '电话', '……');
foreach ($head as $i => $v) {
// CSV的Excel支持GBK编码,一定要转换,否则乱码
$head[$i] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $v);
}
// 将数据通过fputcsv写到文件句柄
fputcsv($fp, $head);
// 计数器
$cnt = 0;
// 每隔$limit行,刷新一下输出buffer,不要太大,也不要太小
$limit = 100000;
// 逐行取出数据,不浪费内存
while ($row = $stmt->fetch(Zend_Db::FETCH_NUM)) {
$cnt ++;
if ($limit == $cnt) {
//刷新一下输出buffer,防止由于数据过多造成问题
ob_flush();
flush();
$cnt = 0;
}
foreach ($row as $i => $v) {
$row[$i] = iconv('utf-8', 'gbk', $v);
}
fputcsv($fp, $row);
}